Thursday, September 3, 2020

Cream Seperation Free Essays

Partition of cream from full cream milk utilizing the Disk-Bowl Centrifuge. Presentation:- Cream is typically a dairy item containing high fat percent, which can be seen drifting on the top before the homogenization procedure. At the point when the milk is unhomogenized, additional time, the fat lighter in weight ascends to the top. We will compose a custom paper test on Cream Seperation or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The procedure in the businesses is totally unique as they use axes, typically called as separators to quicken the creaming procedure. Cost of cream absolutely relies on its fat substance. Cream for the most part delivered by the domesticated animals brushing process on regular fields typically contains some measure of normal carotenoid shades gained from plant materials they devour; because of which the cream seems somewhat yellowish in shading. Cream got from the milk of domesticated animals took care of inside is generally white in shading as they ordinarily are grain based pellets. There is a recipe for deciding the pace of sedimentation, generally known as Stokes’ law. It expresses that a molecule traveling through gooey fluid achieves a steady speed or sedimentation rate. Condition for Stokes’ law Vg = d2 (Pp-P1)/18  µ ? G Where:- Vg = Sedimentation Velocity d2 = molecule Diameter Pp = Particle thickness P1 = Liquid thickness G = gravitational increasing speed  µ = consistency of fluid Aims:- 1. To isolate cream from full cream milk at two speed settings of the circle bowl axis. 2. To assess tactile properties of the cream and skimmed milk. 3. To decide the throughput of the axis. Materials and Equipments:- Disk-bowl axis 1 Liter and 400 ml containers Liter estimating chamber Sample cups â€transparent 2 Liters full cream milk Large Plastic dishes Pans Stopwatch Digital Thermometer Method:- 1. Two bunches of 1 liter of full cream milk was warmed at 37 degree C. 2. 1 liter recepticle was set underneath the lower, overwhelming stage, spout of the axis. This normally was the point from where the skim milk exits. Directly after then the 400 ml recepticle was put underneath the upper, light stage, spout of the axis which generally was the leave point for the cream. 3. Before doing the subsequent stage, it was guaranteed that the tap of the milk accepting supply at the highest point of the axis was in a shut position ie. Guiding N toward S 4. Warmed milk gauging 1 liter was then embedded into the supply. . The engine was turned on when milk was embedded and was determined to the least speed setting by modifying the speed setting handle. 6. As the engine speed was consistent, the tap of the store containing milk was then discharged and the stopwatch was begun. 7. Segments at light and overwhelming fluid stages were then gathered from the applicable spouts, cream and skimmed milk separately. 8. The stopwatch was turned off when the milk repository was unfilled and the time taken was noted. 9. The engine of the rotator was permitted to run till the progression of skimmed milk and cream was stopped. 10. The bits of skimmed milk and cream got through their relative stages were then estimated and afterward the yield was determined. 11. The throughput of the material was then decided in liters every hour at its separate speed setting. 12. The stages 2 to 12 were continued utilizing second clump of warmed milk, with the main distinction being the time setting. The entire procedure was completed by working the engine on the most elevated speed setting. 13. The above procedure was trailed by putting the enormous bowl underneath the spouts and by flushing the axis utilizing cold water just to clear the washings in the rotator. 4. Directly after the procedure the entire hardware was disassembled including the stores spouts, gathering pipe and so on. The parts were then washed utilizing high temp water with somewhat cleanser. 15. The cream and skimmed milk from each speed setting (I. e. Fast setting and low speed setting) were then exposed to tactile properties assessment. * Result:- * comin g up next were the outcomes acquired :- 1. The outcomes for 0. 1 % skimmed milk at low speed setting were * Fat:- 00. 07% * And the outcomes for same item at fast setting were * Fat:- 00. 03% * 2. The outcomes for 2 % semi skimmed milk at low speed setting were * Fat:- 1. 60 % * The outcomes for 2 % semi skimmed milk at rapid setting were * Fat:- 1. 64% * 3. The outcomes for 4% Whole milk at low speed setting were * Fat:- 6. 56% * The outcomes for 4% Whole milk at High speed setting were * Fat:- 7. 25% * Discussion:- * 1. Standards of the activity of Disk-bowl Centrifuge. * Brennan (2006) states that the Disk bowl axis takes a shot at the standard of molecule thickness. Feed is presented through the base of the bowl. As it accompanies the contact of the outward power, the thick stage moves drawback while the lighter stage goes through the top spout. * 2. Various Categories of cream accessible to the buyer and their lawful least fat substance? * Sheila (2006) referenced in an article that classes of cream accessible are * Single cream †18 % least fat substance * Double cream †48% least fat substance * Half cream †12% least fat substance * Whipping Cream †35% least fat substance * Creme fraiche †30% least fat substance * Soured cream †18% least fat substance * Clotted cream †55% least fat substance. 3. Classes of cream created in the Practical? * Type of cream created in the pragmatic was single cream * 4. Reason for Cream screw? * The thickness of the cream can be balanced by the assistance of the cream screw. Cream screw assists with catching the cream and causes the cream to let out. * 5. For what reason is the milk warmed first? * De (1991) clarified that, hig her the temperature and degree during disturbance the more prominent is the loss of skimmed milk and the other way around. At the point when the milk is warmed and fomented, the unsettling procedure causes size decrease of greater fat globules into littler ones. Because of which they get away from the impact of divergent power, prompting prohibition of fat misfortune in the skimmed milk. To decrease creaming. * Conclusion:- * Cream was effectively isolated from the milk utilizing Disk bowl rotator. The cream was additionally tried for its tactile properties, and the tangible properties of the cream were seen as engaging. * References:- * J. G. Brennan (2006). â€Å"Food Processing Handbook†. Wiley-Vch. * Sheila (2006). â€Å"Cream Final Edition†. The Times, London, UK. * Sukumar De (1991). â€Å"Outlines of Dairy Technology†. Oxford University Press. Instructions to refer to Cream Seperation, Essay models

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Can you make a topic for me Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Would you be able to make a theme for me - Assignment Example For instance, ladies are customarily accepted to take female occupations like office works, instructing, secretary, and so on. In this way, if a lady shows enthusiasm for manly employments like going into the military, or working in building locales as overwhelming hardware administrators, she is pretty much decided as lesbian. Conventional convictions are unavoidable in practically all parts of people’s lives. The issue is, as these conventional convictions profoundly infiltrates and sits serenely into people’s sub-cognizance starting with one age then onto the next age, they are hard to dispose of, and they hurt people’s lives on the grounds that to violate customary convictions isn't simple, rather it is anguishing. One specific model is the conventional conviction that minorities individuals who wed outside of their shading abhor their way of life, values as well as themselves. In the event that this is along these lines, is the issue we might want to think about in our story beneath. In any case, before we recount to the story, let us initially characterize what self-loathing is. Self-loathing is characterized as â€Å"an outrageous aversion of oneself, one’s action†¦ or one’s own race†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Absolute Astronomy.com 2009, standard. 3). â€Å"Self-scorn isn't a bad dream from which one abruptly stirs. It is a war of steady loss against a negative mental self portrait that requires nothing not exactly a total cross examination of one’s center suppositions and values† (Lewis 2004, 7). Regardless of whether self-loathing is culture based, its impact is mental. What's more, â€Å"of the numerous mental issue tormenting obvious minorities, none is more unforgiving than self-hatred†¦ [because] not at all like the cheat who cries hunger, or the attacker incitement, the self-hater has no response since he will not admit to his condition† (Ibid). Things being what they are, is wedding somebody not having a place with your own race an indication of self-loathing? Let us see from this story once advised to me†¦ Lolita is an alum of Business Administration from one of the private colleges in Manila, the capital city of

Friday, August 21, 2020

LLB - UNIT 3 TORT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LLB - UNIT 3 TORT 1 - Essay Example Infringement of total right doesn't require the harm to be demonstrated and it noteworthy in essence, Ashby v. White4. The idea of Damnum5 and Injuria6 according to convoluted obligation clarifies the genuine centrality of lawful harms. Damnum and Injuria are interrelated and decides act noteworthy or not significant. These two variables have cozy relationship with convoluted risk. The connection between these two terms is clarified in the two adages I) Injuria sine damno and ii) damnum sine (or obsque) injuria. Injuria sine damno: There are two torts one is significant per se7 and the other is noteworthy just on confirmation of harm. Each individual has a flat out right to invulnerability of his individual, to his property, and to his freedom. Encroachment of this privilege is significant in essence. In the event of injuria sine damno an individual whose rights are encroached has reason for activity despite the fact that there is no genuine misfortune or harm. Ashby v. White4 For this situation a legitimately qualified vote of an individual was rejected noxiously causing injuria, yet the individual for whom casted a ballot was chosen, causing no misfortune, held it is noteworthy applying the adage injuria sine damno. Damnum sine injuria: In damnum sine injuria, where there is a genuine and generous misfortune (Damnum) without encroachment of legitimate right (Injuria) no activity leis. In a suit for harms dependent on a tort the offended party can't succeed just on the ground of harm except if he shows that the harm was brought about by infringement of his lawful right. Coming up next are the cases of Damnum sine injuria: Interference of permeating water:- A landowner and plant proprietor who had for around six years delighted in the utilization of a stream, which was primarily provided by permeating underground water, lost the utilization of the stream after an abutting proprietor burrowed on his own ground a broad well to gracefully water to the occupants of the area. In

Monday, June 8, 2020

A Brief Description of the Main Cause of the Korean War - 275 Words

A Brief Description of the Main Cause of the Korean War (Essay Sample) Content: The Primary Cause of the Korean WarName:Institution:The Primary Cause of the Korean WarThe culmination of World War Two meant peace to America as well as to the rest of the world but not to Koreans who had been under the colonial influence of Japan until the end of Second World War when Japan fell (Han, 2011). The Korean War lasted only for a short time yet it was one of the bloodiest wars with over five million casualties where America alone lost around thirty seven thousand soldiers. There must have been a primary cause to this deadly war as discussed herein.The primary cause of the Korean War was the capitalists and communists interest in Asia. After Japan lost her control over Korea the Koreans wanted to be independent (Han, 2011). Therefore, there was need for elections in order to form Korean government. United Nations was to oversee the elections. However, there seemed to be incitement in the Northern Korea from the communist states. The north did not participa te in the elections and instead they declared war against the South Korea.This was a move by the U.S.S.R. in efforts to extend communism. On the other hand America wanted to roll back communism and establish democracy (Han, 2011). Therefore, these disagreements were eventually to lead to the Korean War with the major states taking sides. The two superpowers sought to reign in the ...

Sunday, May 17, 2020

The Animal Welfare Institute Is An Organization - 1519 Words

Introduction: I remembered how throughout my life I respected and admired people that tried to help animals in need. I remembered how I felt when I saw first-hand the result of abuse. I remembered how I wanted to help those poor animals that were being treated so cruelly. And for all that I remembered, I decided that the Animal Welfare Institute (AWI) was the interest group I felt strongly for and chose to research. Animals are a big part of many people’s lives. They provide companionship; they provide daily assistance to those that have deficits and are having difficulty functioning in their daily life; they provide security and help keep a watchful eye on things, plus so much more. And yet, with all that animals do for us, there are those that are treated with such little regard, care, and cruelty. They are unable to speak for themselves and therefore, they need a voice to speak for them. Mission: The Animal Welfare Institute is an organization that provides a voice for animals in pain. Since its founding in 1951, AWI has sought to alleviate the suffering inflicted on animals by people. In the organization s early years, our particular emphasis was on the desperate needs of animals used for experimentation. In the decades that followed, we expanded the scope of our work to address many other areas of animal suffering. We seek better treatment of animals everywhere - in the laboratory, on the farm, in commerce, at home, and in the wild. At present, there are severalShow MoreRelatedAnimal Experimentation At University College London1685 Words   |  7 PagesI. Introduction a. Attention getter device: This is a picture of a kitten that was forced to undergo animal experimentation However, this is only one of the 11 at University College London that had part of its skull removed for a three-day round of experiments. The first day involved the kitten being paralyzed as electrodes and probes were put into their brains to be able to measure what they saw. The second day involved a plate being screwed into the skulls of the 11 kittens and they were placedRead MoreIs the Captivity of Killer Whales for Entertainment Purposes Inhumane?924 Words   |  4 Pagesfor this to be done to humans, it is equally inhumane for it to be done to animals. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, inhumanity is â€Å"the quality or stage of being cruel to other people or to animals† (dictionary.com) and that is what their captivity is, cruel. The quality of life has been deprived from these helpless animals and they are literally â€Å"dying to entertain [humans]à ¢â‚¬  (Williams). The Animal Welfare Act was a law that was signed and put into effect in 1996, which is one of theRead MoreThe Cruelty And Dangers Of Seaworld889 Words   |  4 Pagesaquarium. The cruelty and dangers that SeaWorld presents to these animals need to be diminished. The environments they live in, the lifestyle they have adapted to, and the behaviors that have resulted from captivity are shocking. The breeding program in place at SeaWorld and the accidents that have happened in the facility that houses these whales are equally horrifying. The organization of PETA, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, began its campaign â€Å"SeaWorld of Hurt† in May 2012. We need joinRead MoreAnimal Testing (Speech Outline)1200 Words   |  5 PagesbSpecific Purpose/b Ââ€" To persuade my audience that animal testing is wrong and how other safer alternatives should be taken. br brbCentral Idea/b Ââ€" By going the extra mile in using safer alternatives when experimenting with animals wi ll not only prevent conflicts from pro-life activists, it will minimize lawsuits and morals will be preserved. br brbIntroduction/b brI. Okay I got a riddle I made up for the class. brA. What was once cute and furry but becomes a bloody rottedRead MorePeople For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals ( Peta ) Is A Non Profit Animal Activist Group1579 Words   |  7 PagesPeople For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals (PETA) is a non-profit animal activist group that focuses explicitly on exposing animal brutality and ensuring the safety of all animals. PETA promises to protect animals from misconduct, abuse, brutality, and inhumane slaughtering. The activist group’s official motto is, ‘’ Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way’’(PETA). This motto officially means that animals are not ours to use or cause essentialRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1227 Words   |  5 Pagesseventy million animals are injured or killed in order for private institutes, household product companies, military training programs, medical research’s, cosmetic industries, educational institutes and governmental agencies to gain knowledge of their own products and narrow out the harmful substances for consumers, All of which has been done at an innocent animal’s expense. Even though these companies have alternative choices to test on rather than animals, they choose to run animal trials due toRead More Animal Testing (speech Outline) Essay989 Words   |  4 Pages Specific Purpose – To persuade my audience that animal testing is wrong and how other safer alternatives should be taken. Central Idea – By going the extra mile in using safer alternatives when experimenting with animals will not only prevent conflicts from pro-life activists, it will minimize lawsuits and morals will be preserved. Introduction I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Okay I got a riddle I made up for the class. A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What was once cute and furry but becomes aRead MoreThe Animal Welfare Act ( Awa )897 Words   |  4 Pages Some scientist argue animals often make better research subjects than humans. Certain scientists believe this because many animals have a shorter life cycle than humans. In the same manner that mice are one of the most used animals for medical research testing, they live for only two to three years. Scientist are able to study the effects of treatments or genetic manipulation over a whole lifespan and even across several generations. By doing this scientists are able to develop new medicine andRead More Cosmetic Testing on Animal Essay702 Words   |  3 Pages Cosmetic Testing on Animals Every year, millions of animals suffer and die in painful tests to determine the safety of cosmetics. Substances such as eye shadow and soap are tested on rabbits, rats, guinea pigs, dogs, and other animals, despite the fact that the test results don’t help prevent or treat human illness or injury. Cosmetics are not required to be tested on animals and since non-animal alternatives exist, it’s hard to understand why some companies still continue to conduct theseRead MoreAnimal Rights And The Ethical Treatment Of Animals991 Words   |  4 Pagesof animals. The group PETA which stands for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is know as the largest animal rights group in the world. With an estimated three million members and supporters the organization believes that â€Å" Animals are not ours to eat. 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Wednesday, May 6, 2020

A New Union Agreement And How Does It Affect Employees,...

What is a new union agreement, and how does it affect employees; and company management that is currently under the control of the labor union? Well, a new union agreement is that of an understanding between two parties, which come to an agreeable compromise that will benefit all parties involved; called collective bargaining. It’s a process of two groups coming together and finding a way to resolve issues there facing, while reaching a mutual written agreement; without barriers. â€Å"During preparation for negotiation, both sides are likely to attempt to define three critical points; which are the maximum limit, expectations; and the desired results of items being negotiated† (DeNisi Griffin, 2014, pp, 256-257). One example is in this†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Because sometimes a long history of acrimonious relationships between management and labor makes it difficult for two sides to negotiate in good faith† (DeNisi Griffin, 2014, pp, 259). Additio nally, when these parties come face to face sometimes their distrust in one another can cause havoc, then the start pointing finger to one another; which in turn will cause them to re-think any proposal put on the table. Remember, negotiation can be a complicated process, especially if inept negotiators are in control; also if proper communication isn’t factored into the agreement between both parties. That’s why if any side of the parties choose to have someone speak out on the behalf, they must be knowledgeable in all areas; otherwise it can cause difficulties to settle in. Then as a result if both parties still cannot come to a reasonable commendations, or that of a new contract agreement to replace the existing one; then they may want to assume it as being impasse. While this new agreement might be very beneficial for the management team to become successful once again, it may not be such a good alternative to the union or it members; for they might just consider it being impasse. Once an impasse has been determined, either party can then move forward by taking things into their own hands; by simply doing away with the impasse or dismissing it. By just taking the appropriate steps to overcome any differences between the two negotiating parties; by listening to

The Global Foundation of Independent Audit - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about The Global Foundation of Independent Audit. Answer: Introduction: The relevant evaluation of auditing standard is mainly conducted in the assignment, where ASA701 Communicating Key Audit Matters in the Independent Auditors Report is been evaluated for TPG Telecom Limited. The relevant annual report of TPG Telecom Limiteddoes not comply with the ASA 701 standard, where the independent auditor report does not hold any kind of Key Audit Matter. The relevant assessment of risk from material misstatement or significant risk in accordance with ASA 315 is also evaluated for TPG Telecom Limited. This evaluation could directly help in detecting the measures that needs to be conducted by the company in its financial report for allowing the investor to understand the relevant misstatement. The Communication of Key Audit Matters was mainly conducted in annual report of the organisation after the commencement of financial crisis, as companies were not disclosing all the relevant data in their annual report. With the implementation of Key Audit Matter companies were mainly forced by accounting standard to follow the regulation for reducing the occurrence of next financial crisis. Moreover, companies are mainly responsible for disclosing the explanatory materials in key audit report in the independent auditors report. This disclosure is mainly conducted according to the standard mentioned in ASA 701, which could depict actual financial condition to its stakeholders. Analysis: The relevant analysis of the annual report could mainly help in detecting the material misstatement, which could increase problems of the organisation. After the passing of financial crises, authorities mainly detected problems in financial report of organisation, where all the relevant disclosure was not conducted by companies. This relevant problem in disclosure mainly led to the implementation of ASA 701, which is a disclosure measure that needs to be communicated in the annual report. Therefore, relevant disclosure of Key Audit Matters needs to be disclosed by the company in their annual report. The evaluation of the annual report of TPG Telecom Limited also helps in detecting signification risk with ASA 315, which could affect its operations. Arens, Elder and Beasley (2014) mentioned that with the help of material misstatement relevant evaluation of the problems, which could incur in future can be estimated. Moreover, from the evaluation of annual report any kind of problems hin dering activities of the company can be estimated, which might allow the investors in detecting problems of the organisation. On the other hand, Basu (2016) criticises that non-disclosure of material misstatement could eventually increase the unethical measures of the organisation. The evaluation of annual report of TPG Telecom Limited could eventually help in depicting high risk if material misstatement in accordance with ASA 315 are conducted as follows. Assessed areas of high risk of material misstatement: After the evaluation of TPG Telecom Limited annual report no relevant Key Audit Matter (KAM) is communicated by the company to its shareholders. This relevantly reduces compliance of the organisation with the ASA 701 in disclosing all relevant matters. The evaluation of annual report mainly helps in depicting the disclosure, which is been conducted by the company. This could eventually help in stating the problems faced by the organisation, where the director and independent auditor depicts that there is no material misstatement in annual report of the organisation. The company is not following with the overall ASA 701, which mainly reduces viability of the annual report depicted by the organisation. The relevant disclosure of Key Audit Matter (KAM) is also not being depicted in the annual report of the organisation. This mainly indicate the lack of Auditing standard ASA 315 conducted by the company and the auditor. Furthermore, the use of ASA 315 could allow investors of TPG Telecom Limited to identify the risk of material statement present in the organisation. Accounting policies adopted by the company mainly helps in depicting the actual financial posit on of the organisation. However, the non-representation of Key Audit Matters in the annual report of TPG Telecom Limited mainly indicates the noncompliance of ASA 701 conducted by the organisation. Moreover, there has been high profile scandals conducted by companies where auditors have unethically represented financial strength of the company, which directly questions creditability of the independent auditors report without Key Audit Report. The auditors of TPG Telecom need to understand the business risk, where identification of material misstatement is essential to be conducted. The business environment risk, firms operation risk, business entity risk and other forms of risk needs to be evaluated by auditors before evaluating the audit procedure. The evaluation of approach used by organisation, such as top down approach could also increase the chance of material misstatement, as employe es have no say in the decisions conducted by organisation. Therefore, understanding the business risk, which could convert into audit risk needs to be evaluated by the organisation. Cao, Chychyla and Stewart (2015) stated that auditors need to evaluate all the business process of the organisation to understand the actual risk, which could arise material misstatement. The use of ASA 701 was mainly implemented after the completion of financial crisis, which was started in 2007. The crisis mainly allowed audit Assurance board to detect unethical measures conducted by organization and independent audit companies while formulating the financial report. This unethical measure in preparing the financial report as mainly portrayed wrong financial strength of the organization, which increased share value and allowed companies to retain more capital from the market. However, during the financial crisis all the companies using unethical measure mainly collapsed and no buyers were present for their shares. This directly declined financial stability of the capital market and economy of various countries all around the world. Hence, it could be understood that the implementation of ASA 701 is mainly a measure taken by the audit Assurance board for reducing any kind of unethical ways used by organizations. Chandler (2014) stated that companies used their debts as income in their financial report to hide their insolvency condition from investors. The ASA 701 was mainly a measure for stopping the company to use unethical measures in preparing their annual report and increase transparency in portraying their actual financial condition. Significant risk identified in accordance with ASA: In addition, to the non-representation of Key Audit Matters the company has no material misstatement, which was identified by the independent audit report. However, according to the audit standard ASA 315 conducted by auditing and assurance standard board, auditors with the standard will be able to recognisees risk of material misstatement present in companys financial books. Moreover, the ASA ruling states that auditors need to evaluate business environment, internal control, and external risk, which could arise material misstatement of the organisation. ASA 315 directly indicates that auditors need to use the guideline depicted in paragraphs from A9 t A11 and A27 to A30. This could directly help auditors in identifying the material misstatement, which could increase audit risk. This relevant evaluation could also allow the auditors in detecting frauds, which could be conducted by companies in inflating their balance sheet. In this context, Cohen and Simnett (2014) mentioned that au ditors due to the measures depicted in ASA standard are able to detect frauds, which could be conducted by companies in preparing their annual report. On the other hand, Earley et al. (2016) argued that independent auditors are influenced by management to use unethical measures in their audit report for inflating financial performance of the company. However, the current financial report of TPG Telecom Limited does not comply with the ASA 315 standard, as there is no material misstatement that is identified by auditors. In addition, the auditors need to follow ASA 315 paragraph A105 to A108, which enables them to identify risk of material misstatement that is present within operations of the organisation. Moreover, the evaluation could also help in asserting different levels of diverse transaction classes while detecting performance of audit process. The auditors are mainly able to detect financial risks, while analysing financial report of the organisation to detect material misstatement hindering their financial stability. Hay, Knechel and Willekens (2014) stated that auditors by implementing audit procedures are able to detect financial viability of companys annual report. Research- extent and application: The TPG Telecom Limited annual report does not comply with ASA standard, which is needed by every organization. This noncompliance of preparing the key audit matters could directly increase audit risk of the organization. This relevant audit risk could be identified with the help of audit procedures, which needs to be followed by auditors. The Railways procedures needs to be followed by auditors to evaluate and analyze risk involved in operations of the organization. Firstly, the identification of risk pertaining business objectives portrayed in the financial report needs to be evaluated by the auditor. This evaluation could eventually help in identifying the material misstatement, which could depict wrong financial statement of the organization. Secondly the auditors need to approximate the importance of risk to the management of the company, who needs to comply with regulations laid down by Audit Assurance Board. In addition, the likelihood of occurrence of certain risk needs to be identified by auditors which might increase material misstatement in future of the organization (Junior, Best and Cotter 2014). Furthermore, relevant activities conducted by the organization needs to be evaluated for identifying any kind of risk pertaining from those actions. Areas in financial report that needs significant management judgement: There are different levels of internal control that needs to be conducted by organizations for reducing the risk from material misstatement. In addition,evaluation of internal control for specific entity needs to be conducted by the independent auditors for detecting the chance of material the statement. according to ASA 315 A36to A41, relevant understanding of industry divisions and risk involved in operations of the organization needs to be evaluated by the auditor's. This evaluation could eventually help in detecting the external factors, which could be applicable on the formation of financial report. The understanding of internal control needs to be conducted by auditors for adequately completing the audit procedure. This could eventually allow the auditor to understand the complex internal control, which is being conducted by the organization for completing its operations. Furthermore,majority of the internal controls evaluated by the auditors needs to comply with the process of financial reporting, as detection of material misstatement is the major priority for the auditor. According to ASA 315 paragraph A42 to A65, professional judgement of the assessor regarding specific control could be conducted by the auditor for singling out controls, which could have material misstatement. In this context, Kinney (2015) stated that auditors by evaluating annual report and operations of the company are able to detect any kind of risk, which could lead to material misstatement in the financial report. The audit process conducted by the auditor's needs to comprehend in the control environment in which operations of the organization is being conducted. this evaluation could eventually help auditors to understand the overall activities conducted by the administration within the organization. this evaluation could eventually lead to a detection of any kind of material misstatement present within the Governance of the organization. Moreover, this could also help in detecting the culture of honesty as well as ethical behavior present within the organization employees and Management. this overall detection could eventually help in detecting material misstatement present within the operations of the organization. Therefore, auditors need to evaluate external and internal control of TPG Telecom Limited for identify any kind of material misstatement, which could be present in its operations. However, both directors and independent auditors of the firm has depicted no material misstatement p resence in operations of the company (Knechel and Salterio 2016). In addition, the detection material misstatement could evaluate the actual financial position of the company. therefore, from the identified material misstatement the auditors could portray the actual financial position of the company to the stakeholders. These material misstatements can be shown directly in key audit matters section of the annual report, which could in turn increase viability of their annual report. The effect of significant events and transactions occurred during the period: The evaluation of significant events and transactions that has been conducted by the company during the fiscal year also needs to be evaluated by auditors. This evaluation could eventually allow the auditors to detect any kind of strange activities or risk which might increase the chance of material misstatement. Currently, TPG Telecom Limited directly provides all the relevant information regarding their activities in the annual report. Therefore, different impact of the event and transactions occurred during the period can be evaluated by auditors. Different accounting standards such as ISA 260 could also be violated by the organization,issues regarding internal audit procedures might eventually rise. As depicted by Louwers et al. (2015), companies following all the relevant accounting standards are able to portray actual financial position to the stakeholders, which depicts the honesty of the organization in conducting their operations. Moreover, the evaluation of significant even ts could allow the auditors to identify any kind of risk involved in both internal and external factors of the organization. Moreover, the internal and external process could also be evaluated by the auditor during the period. this kind of detection of different types of risk identified from operations could eventually allow the auditors to understand material misstatement of the organization. on the contrary, Messier, Glover and Prawitt (2014)argued that companies use the independent auditor's report as a cover for hiding all the relevant unethical measures conducted during the fiscal year. Recommendation and conclusion: From the evaluation of all the relevant ASA standard such as ASA 701, ASA 315 and ISA 260, companies are needed to portray their actual financial position in the annual report. Companies that are not providing key audit matters in the annual report could eventually increase suspicion of the investors regarding their activities. Hence, TPG Telecom Limited needs to prepare key audit matters in their annual report to identify any kind of material misstatement a present in its operation. The disclosure needs to be conducted by the organization in the annual report to the investors, which could help in portraying the actual financial position of the company. Therefore, it is essential for TPG Telecom Limited to adopt ASA 701 and ASA 315 in its operations for complying with the Audit and Assurance Board. The company also needs to acquire an experience auditor or an audit company, which could depict actual financial position of the organization. This selection of the auditor is essential, a s they need to know all the relevant standards and regulations which needs to complete their actual financial report. Thus, the company need to prepare financial report where all the relevant accounting standards are depicted and addressed according to the regulation. Lastly, all the relevant transactions conducted by the company during the fiscal year needs to be evaluated by the auditor for detecting the material misstatement present within operations of the organization. this detection of material misstatement could eventually allow the auditor to convey the message in key audit matters of the organization. This transfer of information from the auditors to the investors could eventually help them understand the actual financial position of the organization while making a relevant investment decision. Reference and Bibliography: Arens, A.A., Elder, R.J. and Beasley, M.S., 2014. 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